Jenis-jenis snakehead ( ikan gabus/ kutuk )

Ikan gabus adalah sejenis ikan buas/ predator yang hidup di air tawar. Ikan ini dikenal dengan banyak nama di berbagai daerah: aruan, haruan , kocolan, bogo, bayong,licingan, kutuk, kabos dan lain-lain. Dalam bahasa Inggris juga disebut dengan snakehead, karena memiliki kepala mirip ular. Ikan gabus biasa didapati di danau, rawa, sungai, dan saluran-saluran air hingga ke sawah-sawah. Ikan ini memangsa aneka ikan kecil-kecil, serangga, dan berbagai hewan air lain termasuk berudu dan kodok. Selain di konsumsi, ikan ini juga banyak dipelihara di aquarium/ kolam oleh para hobiis ikan.

Gabus dan kerabatnya termasuk hewan Dunia Lama, yakni dari Asia (genus Channa) dan Afrika (genus Parachanna). Seluruhnya kurang lebih terdapat 30 spesies dari kedua genus tersebut.

Jenis-jenis ikan gabus (snakehead) :

Channa amphibeus

Channa argus argus

Channa argus warpachowski

 Channa asiatica

Channa aurantimaculata

Channa bankanensis

 

Channa baramensis

Channa barca

Channa bleheri

Channa burmanica

Channa cyanospilos

Channa diplogramma

Channa gachua

Channa harcourtbutleri

Channa lucius

Channa maculata

Channa marulioides

Channa marulius

Channa melanopterus

Channa melasoma

Channa micropeltes

Channa nox

Channa orientalis

Channa ornatipinnis

Channa panaw

Channa pleurophthalma

Channa pulchra

Channa punctata

Channa stewartii

Channa striata

Parachanna africana

Parachanna insignis

Parachanna obscura

Selain itu ada jenis snakehead/ gabus albino :

Nama ilmiah	Nama umum	Penyebaran	Panjang max.
Channa amphibeus	Borna snakehead	Asia	25 cm
Channa argus argus	Northern snakehead	Asia	85 cm
Channa argus warpachowskii		Asia	80 cm
Channa asiatica	Chinesse snakehead	Asia	34 cm
Channa aurantimaculata	Orange spotted snakehead	Asia	40 cm
Channa bankanensis	Bangka snakehead	Asia	14 cm
Channa baramensis	Baram snakehead	Asia	22 cm
Channa barca	Barca snakehead	Asia	90 cm
Channa bleheri	Rainbow snakehead	Asia	20 cm
Channa burmanica	Burmese snakehead	Asia	106 cm
Channa cyanospilos	Bluespotted Snakehead	Asia	20 cm
Channa diplogramma	Malabar snakehead	Asia	60 cm
Channa gachua	Kotes, Dwarf snakehead	Asia	20 cm
Channa harcourtbutleri	Inle Snakehead	Asia	16 cm
Channa lucius	Splendid Snakehead	Asia	40 cm
Channa maculata	Blotched Snakehead	Asia	33 cm
Channa marulioides	Emperor Snakehead	Asia	65 cm
Channa marulius	Great snakehead	Asia	180 cm
Channa melanopterus	Blackfinned Snakehead	Asia	65 cm
Channa melasoma	Black snakehead	Asia	30 cm
Channa micropeltes	Toman, Haruan, Giant snakehead	Asia	150 cm
Channa nox	Night Snakehead	Asia	20 cm
Channa orientalis	Green snakehead	Asia	20 cm
Channa ornatipinnis		Asia	20,5 cm
Channa panaw	Panaw Snakehead	Asia	17 cm
Channa pleurophthalma	Selendang mayang	Asia	40 cm
Channa pulchra		Asia	16 cm
Channa punctata	Spotted Snakehead	Asia	30 cm
Channa stewartii	Golden Snakehead	Asia	25 cm
Channa striata	Kutuk, Common snakehead	Asia	100 cm
Parachanna africana	Niger snakehead	Afrika	32 cm
Parachanna insignis		Afrika	41 cm
Parachanna obscura	African snakehead	Afrika	50 cm

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Polypterus Palmas a.k.a IKAN NAGA

Palmas merupakan ikan yang tergolong dalam Family Polypteridae (Bichir), artinya ikan bersirip banyak. Ikan ini termasuk ikan primitif dan sering disebut sebagai "snake like fish" (ikan mirip ular). Penyebaran adalah di Afrika Barat.
Palmas adalah ikan pemangsa (predator), carnivora. Ikan ini mempunyai kemampuan untuk mengambil udara dengan alat yang telah termodifikasi sedemikan rupa menyerupai paru-paru, disamping itu ia mampu untuk merayap diatas tanah dengan menggunakan sirip dadanya yang kuat. Oleh karenanya dalam mememihara palmas dianjurkan agar memberikan penutup yang baik untuk mencegah ikan tersebut kabur. Palmas dapat dipelihara bersama-sama dengan ikan golongan Cichlidae yang memiliki ukuran lebih besar.
Panjang rata-rata ikan palmas adalah 30 cm. Hidup pada kisaran pH 6.5 - 7, dan temperatur 16-27 ° C. Sebagai carnivora, pakan utama palmas adalah pakan hidup berupa ikan kecil, atau daging-dagingan lain seperti daging udang atau daging ikan.

Scientific classification : Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Polypteriformes Family: Polypteridae Genus: Polypterus

Jenis-jenis ikan palmas :

Polypterus Endlicheri Endlicheris

Species Name : Polypterus endlicheri endlicheri
Common Name : Saddled bichir/Tiger Bichir
Size : max. 30”
pH : 6.0 - 8.0
Minimum Tank Size : 180 gal
Native Location: Gazetteer Africa : Nile, Lake Chad, Chad basin, Niger, Volta, Bandama, Upper Comoé and Ouémé.
Temperature : 72°F-82°F
Diet : carnivorous
Breeding : Egg-layer
Gender Diffrences : Male with thicker and wider anal fin than female.


 

Polypterus endlicheri congicus

Species Name : Polypterus endlicheri congicus
Common Name : NA
Size : max. 38”
pH : 6.0 - 8.0
Minimum Tank Size : 180 gal
Native Location : Gazetteer Central Africa: Congo basin and Lake Tanganyika
Temperature : 72°F-82°F
Diet : carnivorous
Breeding : Egg-layer
Gender Diffrences : Male with thicker and wider anal fin than female.



Polypterus ornatipinnis

Species Name : Polypterus ornatipinnis
Common Name : Ornate Bichir
Size : max. 24”
pH : 6.0 - 8.0
Minimum Tank Size : 125 gal
Native Location : Gazetteer East and Central Africa: Congo River basin (Dem. Rep. Congo, Angola, Cameroun); Lake Tanganyika
Temperature : 72°F-82°F
Diet : carnivorous
Breeding : Egg-layer
Gender Diffrences : Male with thicker and wider anal fin than female.


Polypterus delhezi

Species Name : Polypterus delhezi
Common Name : Barred bichir/armoured bichir
Size : max. 17”
pH : 6.0 - 8.0
Minimum Tank Size : 75 gal
Native Location : Gazetteer Central Africa: central basin of Congo River
Temperature : 72°F-82°F
Diet : carnivorous
Breeding : Egg-layer
Gender Diffrences : Male with thicker and wider anal fin than female.




Polypterus bichir lapradei

Species Name : Polypterus bichir lapradei
Common Name : Bichir
Size : max. 29"
pH : 6.0 - 8.0
Minimum Tank Size : 180 gal
Native Location :  West Africa: found in Senegal River, Gambia River, Geba River, Volta River, Niger, Benoue River and Ouémé River.Also known from Lake Chad and Logone and Chari Rivers
Temperature : 72°F-82°F
Diet : piscivorous
Breeding : Egg-layer
Gender Diffrences : Male with thicker and wider anal fin than female.


Polypterus bichir bichir

Species Name : Polypterus bichir bichir
Common Name : Nile bichir
Size : max. 47”
pH : 6.0 - 8.0
Minimum Tank Size : 180 gal
Native Location : Gazetteer Africa: Nile River, Lake Turkana and Omo River; Lake Chad, Chari River and Logone River
Temperature : 72°F-82°F
Diet : piscivorous
Breeding : Egg-layer
Gender Diffrences : Male with thicker and wider anal fin than female.

Polypterus palmas palmas

Species Name : Polypterus palmas palmas

Common Name : Shortfin bichir
Size : max. 12”
pH : 6.0 - 8.0
Minimum Tank Size : 75 gal
Native Location : West Africa: known from the Cavally River basin in Côte d'Ivoire and the river basins of eastern Liberia up to the St.John River.
Temperature : 72°F-82°F
Diet : carnivorous
Breeding : Egg-layer



Polypterus palmas polli

Species Name : Polypterus palmas polli
Common Name : Marbled bichir
Size : max. 13”
pH : 6.0 - 8.0
Minimum Tank Size : 75 gal
Native Location : Gazetteer West Africa: Lower and central Congo basin
Temperature : 72°F-82°F
Diet : carnivorous
Breeding : Egg-layer
Gender Diffrences : Male with thicker and wider anal fin than female. 




Polypterus palmas buettikoferi

Species name : Polypterus palmas buettikoferi

Common name(s) : Buettikofer's bichir

Origin : West Africa

Size : max.14"

 



 






Polypterus senegalus senegalus

 
Species Name: Polypterus senegalus
Common Name: Gray Bichir
Size: max. 20”
pH: 6.0 - 8.0
Minimum Tank Size: 75 gal
Native Location: Gazetteer Africa: Nile basin, basins of Sénégal, Gambia, Niger and Volta and Lake Chad; Congo and Lualaba river basins.
Temperature:72°F-82°F
Diet: omnivore
Breeding: Egg-layer
Gender Diffrences: Male with thicker and wider anal fin than female.  

 
>> albino variant

 Polypterus ansorgii

Species name : Polypterus palmas ansorgii

Common name(s) : Guinean bichir

Origin : Africa; described from the Corbal River (Corubal) in Guinea Bissau and recently reported in the Niger basin near Kouroussa in Guinea and in lake Kainji and the Ogun River in Nigeria

Size : max.28cm

 

Polypterus retropinnis

Species name : Polypterus retropinnis

Common name(s) : NA

Origin : West and Central Africa

Size : max. 34cm (14")

 

 
Polypterus mokelembembe

Species name : Polypterus mokelembembe

Common name(s) : NA

Origin : Central Africa, Congo River basin

Size : max.34cm (14")

 








Polypterus teugelsi

Species name : Polypterus teugelsi

Common name(s) : Cross River Bichir

Origin : Cross River, Nigeria & Cameroon Freshwater

Size : max.41,5cm 

 










Polypterus weeksii

Scientific name : Polypterus weeksii

Common name(s) : Weeks' bichir, Fat-headed bichir, Mottled bichir

Origin: Central Africa : Congo river basin

Max reported size (TL) : 54cm (22")

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